论文

本文综述了 Islamic LLMs 与可信 Islamic AI 这一新兴领域，并论证了仅具备阿拉伯语流利度不足以支撑 Islamic AI，进而提出面向抗幻觉 Islamic AI 系统的研究议程。This survey reviews the emerging field of Islamic LLMs and trustworthy Islamic AI, and argues that fluency in Arabic is not sufficient for Islamic AI, with a research agenda for hallucination-resistant Islamic AI systems.

AsymCache 是一个面向 LLM 推理的计算-延迟感知 KV cache 管理系统，将 cache 驻留决策与 GPU attention kernel 性能显式对齐，包含三个关键组件：用于高效处理非连续 KV 上下文的多段注意力（MSA）、联合优化命中率与位置感知重计算代价的 cache 淘汰策略，以及面向高硬件利用率的自适应分片调度器。AsymCache is proposed, a computation-latency-aware KV cache management system for LLM inference that explicitly aligns cache residency decisions with GPU attention kernel performance, including three key components: Multi-Segment Attention (MSA) for efficient non-contiguous KV context processing, a cache eviction policy that jointly optimizes hit rate and position-aware recomputation cost, and an adaptive chunking scheduler for high hardware utilization.

RTP-LLM 是一个面向工业级 LLM 部署的高性能推理引擎，已在 Alibaba Group 成功部署，服务超过 1 亿用户，通过集成设计解决根本性瓶颈。RTP-LLM is presented, a high-performance inference engine for industrial-scale LLM deployment, successfully deployed across Alibaba Group serving over 100 million users, and addresses fundamental bottlenecks through integrated design.

这篇立场论文认为，LLM 推理 serving 已超越通用启发式方法，如今需要数学优化与算法基础，并呼吁社区将 LLM serving 的算法设计视为一个新的研究前沿。This position paper argues that LLM inference serving has outgrown generic heuristics and now demands mathematical optimization and algorithmic foundations, and calls on the community to recognize algorithmic design for LLM serving as a research frontier.

SwiftCache 是一个协同推理系统，使异构模型可在同一服务器内共享未充分利用的 GPU 内存与 NVLink 带宽，支持跨模型通过 NVLink 共享 KV cache，避免使用慢速 PCIe 传输。SwiftCache is a collaborative inference system that enables heterogeneous models to share underutilized GPU memory and NVLink bandwidth within a server, allowing cross-model KV cache sharing over NVLink and avoiding slow PCIe transfers.

提出 OScaR（Omni-Scaled Canalized Rotation），一个面向 X-LLMs 的精确且轻量的 KV cache 压缩框架，作为一个鲁棒、低复杂度、通用的框架确立了新的 Pareto 前沿。OScaR (Omni-Scaled Canalized Rotation), an accurate and lightweight KV cache compression framework for X-LLMs, is proposed, establishing it as a robust, low-complexity, and universal framework that defines a new Pareto front.

WAIT (Waiting for Accumulated Inference Threshold) 是一种基于阈值的准入规则，适用于已知输出长度；Nested WAIT 通过调控请求在 decode 阶段各分段间的推进方式，将该规则扩展到未知输出长度场景。WAIT (Waiting for Accumulated Inference Threshold), a threshold-based admission rule for known output lengths, and Nested WAIT, which extends the rule to unknown output lengths by regulating how requests advance across decode-stage segments are designed.

本文对近期 KV cache 优化技术进行系统综述，将其归纳为五大方向：cache eviction、cache compression、混合内存方案、新型 attention 机制与组合策略，并指出自适应多阶段优化流水线是未来研究的重要方向。This paper provides a systematic review of recent KV cache optimization techniques, organizing them into five principal directions: cache eviction, cache compression, hybrid memory solutions, novel attention mechanisms, and combination strategies, and pointing toward adaptive, multi-stage optimization pipelines as a promising direction for future research.

本文提出 AIConfigurator，一个统一的性能建模系统，能够在不依赖 GPU profiling 的前提下进行快速、与框架无关的推理配置搜索；并提供一个抽象层，自动为目标后端解析最优启动参数，无缝集成到生产级编排系统中。AIConfigurator is presented, a unified performance-modeling system that enables rapid, framework-agnostic inference configuration search without requiring GPU-based profiling, and an abstraction layer that automatically resolves optimal launch parameters for the target backend, seamlessly integrating into production-grade orchestration systems.

研究发现 RLMs 能够成功处理超出模型上下文窗口长达两个数量级的输入，即便在较短 prompt 下，其质量也显著优于原生前沿 LLM 以及常见的长上下文与编程脚手架。It is found that RLMs can successfully process inputs up to two orders of magnitude beyond model context windows and, even for shorter prompts, dramatically outperform the quality of vanilla frontier LLMs and common long-context and coding scaffolds.

本文在 KV cache 约束下对 LLM 推理进行理论建模，提出一种新型批处理与调度算法，在有效管理 KV cache 内存的同时最小化推理延迟，并通过在合成数据集上与后视最优的对比展示其强劲的实证性能。This work model LLM inference with KV cache constraints theoretically and proposes a novel batching and scheduling algorithm that minimizes inference latency while effectively managing the KV cache's memory, and demonstrates the algorithm's strong empirical performance by comparing it to the hindsight optimal in a synthetic dataset.

本文提出了一种实证方法，用于研究基于 GPU 的 LLM 推理服务系统中的 software aging 问题，并提供了一个可复现的框架，开辟了 software aging 与 software rejuvenation 与 LLM serving 交叉方向的研究。This paper proposes an empirical methodology to study software aging in GPU-based LLM serving systems and provides a reproducible framework that opens a research direction at the intersection of the software aging and rejuvenation and LLM serving communities.

本文提出首个将计算与 GPU 显存约束显式纳入 LLM 推理分析的排队论框架，并推导了严格的稳定性与不稳定性条件，用以判定 LLM 推理服务能否在持续到达的请求下避免队列无界增长。This paper introduces the first queueing-theoretic framework that explicitly incorporates both computation and GPU memory constraints into the analysis of LLM inference, and derives rigorous stability and instability conditions that determine whether an LLM inference service can sustain incoming demand without unbounded queue growth.

介绍 Albireo，一种并行推理系统：通过调度与 I/O 与计算及序列并行采样的重叠来压缩不可扩展部分，从而提高可达到的 TP 度 t，且不改变模型架构。Albireo is presented, a parallel inference system that raises the attainable TP degree t by shrinking the non-scalable portion via overlap of scheduling and I/O with compute and sequence-parallel sampling, without changing model architectures.

本文对 LLM 推理服务方法进行了全面综述，涵盖基础的实例级方法、深入的集群级策略、新兴的场景方向以及其他重要但零散的领域。This paper provides a comprehensive survey of LLM inference serving methods, covering fundamental instance-level approaches, in-depth cluster-level strategies, emerging scenario directions, and other miscellaneous but important areas.

本工作开发了一个 SOTA 的 paged attention kernel，完全基于领域特定即时编译语言 Triton 构建，在 NVIDIA 与 AMD GPU 上均达到 SOTA 性能。This work develops a state-of-the-art paged attention kernel that builds exclusively on the domain-specific just-in-time compiled language Triton to achieve state-of-the-art performance on both NVIDIA and AMD GPUs.

本工作提出一种新颖的混合精度 PTQ 策略，直接最小化整个模型的全局误差传播，而非孤立地处理逐层误差，并开发了一种新颖的联合优化方法，在统一搜索空间中同时学习结构化剪枝决策与混合精度量化策略。This work proposes a novel mixed-precision PTQ strategy that directly minimizes global error propagation across the entire model, rather than isolating layer-wise errors, and develops a novel joint optimization approach that simultaneously learns structural pruning decisions and mixed-precision quantization policies within a unified search space.

本工作借鉴线性模型的 state space model（SSM）视角，提出三项核心方法改进并组合形成更具表达力的递推结构：源自 SSM 离散化的递推式、用于更丰富状态追踪的复数值状态更新规则，以及在不增加 decode 延迟前提下提升模型性能的多输入多输出（MIMO）建模。This work introduces three core methodological improvements inspired by the state space model (SSM) viewpoint of linear models that combine to form a more expressive recurrence derived from SSM discretization, a complex-valued state update rule that enables richer state tracking, and a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) formulation for better model performance without increasing decode latency.

Nemotron 3 Super 是 Nemotron 3 系列中首个采用 NVFP4 进行预训练的模型，借助 LatentMoE（一种同时优化精度 per FLOP 与精度 per parameter 的新型 Mixture-of-Experts 架构），并集成 MTP 层以通过原生 speculative decoding 加速推理。Nemotron 3 Super is the first model in the Nemotron 3 family to be pre-trained in NVFP4, leverage LatentMoE, a new Mixture-of-Experts architecture that optimizes for both accuracy per FLOP and accuracy per parameter, and include MTP layers for inference acceleration through native speculative decoding.

Tangram 是一种 serving 框架，将先前系统动态处理的内容静态解析，可作为现有 non-uniform 压缩方法的即插即用底座，在匹配其精度的同时，端到端吞吐量较 full-KV 基线最高提升 2.6×。Tangram is a serving framework that statically resolves what prior systems handle dynamically, and serves as a drop-in substrate for existing non-uniform compression methods, matching their accuracy while improving end-to-end throughput by up to $2.6\times over the full-KV baseline.

本文为 LLM serving 中的 SD（投机解码）提出了一种简单且可解释的 latency 模型，能够准确刻画实际观测到的 latency，解释为何加速比常随服务器负载上升而下降，并系统刻画了 draft length、acceptance rate 以及 verifier 与 drafter 规模在不同 serving 条件下对 latency 的影响。A simple and interpretable latency model for SD in LLM serving is developed that accurately describes observed latency, explains why speedups often diminish as server load increases, and characterizes how draft length, acceptance rate, and verifier-drafter size shape latency across serving conditions are characterized.

Tutti 是一种高效的 SSD-backed KV caching 方案，将 CPU 从 HBM 与 SSD 之间的关键数据与 I/O 控制路径中彻底移除，在提供近乎无限容量的同时，实现了与 DRAM-backed LMCache 几乎相当的 inference 性能。Tutti is an efficient SSD-backed KV caching solution that eliminates CPU intervention from the critical data and I/O control paths between HBM and SSDs, and achieves nearly the same inference performance as DRAM-backed LMCache, while providing almost infinite capacity.

本文提出了一种简单的 flow-control 框架，通过控制 prompt 加入 LLM 活跃集合的速率，实现更高的 token 与 request 吞吐量、更低的平均与尾部 latency，以及更稳定的 KV cache 利用率。A simple flow-control framework is proposed that controls the rate at which prompts join the active set in large language models and achieves higher token and request throughput, lower average and tail latency, and more stable KV cache utilization.

本文提出 CATS，一种 self-speculative decoding 框架，在内存受限设备上结合 memory budget 与 parameter offloading pattern 进行级联式 verify 与 correction，在设备峰值显存与单独运行 target model 相当的前提下，最大化 token acceptance rate 与端到端加速比。CATS, a self-speculative decoding framework that conducts cascaded verification and correction based on the memory budget and parameter offloading patterns on memory-limited devices, is proposed, which maximizes token acceptance rate and end-to-end speedup while keeping the peak memory footprint on the device equal to that of the target model alone.

本文提出 DualPath，一种 inference 系统，通过引入 dual-path KV-Cache loading 打破瓶颈，并实现一条新的 storage-to-decode 路径：KV-Cache 先加载到 decode engine，再通过 compute network 上的 RDMA 高效转发至 prefill engine。DualPath is presented, an inference system that breaks this bottleneck by introducing dual-path KV-Cache loading and enables a novel storage-to-decode path, in which the KV-Cache is loaded into decoding engines and then efficiently transferred to prefill engines via RDMA over the compute network.

本文探讨了 cloud platform 与 distributed system 在支撑 LLM 可扩展性、效率与优化方面的作用，涵盖数据管理、资源优化，以及对 microservices、autoscaling 与 hybrid cloud-edge 方案的需求。The role of cloud platforms and distributed systems in supporting the scalability, efficiency, and optimization of LLMs is explored, including data management, resource optimization, and the need for microservices, autoscaling, and hybrid cloud-edge solutions.

本文提出 TTKV，一种 KV cache 管理框架，将人类记忆系统映射到具备异构容量与精度的 KV cache 上，在 128K 上下文任务上将跨层流量降低 5.94 倍。TTKV is proposed, a KV cache management framework that maps the human memory system onto the KV cache with heterogeneous capacity and precision, and reduces cross-tier traffic by 5.94x on 128K-context tasks.

本文提出 KV Policy (KVP)，一种仅基于 key 与 value 向量、在预计算生成轨迹上训练的轻量级 per-head RL Agent 框架，证明学习预测未来 token 效用是自适应 KV cache 管理中强大且可扩展的范式。KV Policy (KVP), a framework of lightweight per-head RL agents trained on pre-computed generation traces using only key and value vectors, is introduced, demonstrating that learning to predict future token utility is a powerful and scalable paradigm for adaptive KV cache management.

TritonForge 是一个面向自动化 Triton kernel 优化的 profiling 引导框架，融合 kernel 分析、运行时 profiling 与迭代式代码转换以简化优化流程，并为自动化 GPU 性能优化领域的未来研究奠定基础。TritonForge, a profiling-guided framework for automated Triton kernel optimization that integrates kernel analysis, runtime profiling, and iterative code transformation to streamline the optimization process and provides a foundation for future research in automated GPU performance optimization.

本文探讨容器化、微服务、动态调度等 Cloud Native 技术如何从根本上提升 LLM 推理服务，并展示 Cloud Native 系统在高需求场景下实现更高效资源分配、降低延迟与提升吞吐的能力。This article explores how Cloud Native technologies, such as containerization, microservices, and dynamic scheduling, can fundamentally improve LLM inference serving and demonstrates how a Cloud Native system enables more efficient resource allocation, reduces latency, and enhances throughput in high-demand scenarios.

本文首次对 vLLM 启动延迟进行了详细的性能表征，并构建了一个轻量级分析模型，能够针对给定硬件配置准确预测 vLLM 的启动延迟，为大规模推理环境中的资源规划提供了可操作的指导。This paper presents the first detailed performance characterization of vLLM startup latency and develops a lightweight analytical model that accurately predicts vLLM's startup latency for a given hardware configuration, providing actionable guidance for resource planning in large-scale inference environments.

NetKV，一种使用该 oracle 信息的 O(|D|) 每请求贪心策略，其层级排序被证明对过时遥测数据具有鲁棒性；并证明随着上下文长度增长，忽略网络项会使仅缓存感知的调度任意次优。NetKV, the O(|D|) per-request greedy that consumes this oracle, has tier rankings that are provably robust to stale telemetry, and it is proved that ignoring the network term renders cache-aware-only scheduling arbitrarily suboptimal as context length grows.

本工作提出 LMCACHE，首个也是目前最高效的开源 KV 缓存方案，可将现代 LLM 引擎生成的 KV 缓存从 GPU 显存中提取并存储，并跨引擎和查询共享。This work presents LMCACHE, the first and so far the most efficient open-source KV caching solution, which extracts and stores KV caches generated by modern LLM engines out of the GPU memory and shares them across engines and queries.

本文描述了 TensorFlow 接口及 Google 构建的该接口实现，已被用于开展研究，并在计算机科学及其他十余个领域中将机器学习系统部署至生产环境。The TensorFlow interface and an implementation of that interface that is built at Google are described, which has been used for conducting research and for deploying machine learning systems into production across more than a dozen areas of computer science and other fields.

本文指出基于 Transformer 的次二次时间模型的关键缺陷在于无法执行基于内容的推理，并将选择性 SSM 集成到不包含注意力乃至 MLP 块的简化端到端神经网络架构（Mamba）中。This work identifies that a key weakness of subquadratic-time models based on Transformer architecture is their inability to perform content-based reasoning, and integrates selective SSMs into a simplified end-to-end neural network architecture without attention or even MLP blocks (Mamba).